There are two types of hypertension. Over 90% of cases no single cause or known and it is called essential hypertension, primary or idiopathic. Is suffering the vast majority of patients. In a small group, you can identify a cause, sometimes treatable, responsible for the increase in blood pressure, it is secondary hypertension, whose causes are listed in the table below.
Hypertension of renal origin
- Chronic pyelonephritis.
- Acute or chronic glomerulonephritis.
- Polycystic kidney disease.
- Renovascular stenosis.
- Renin-producing tumors.
- Unilateral renal pathology, stunted segmental renal tumor, others …
- Retention of sodium primary: Liddel syndrome or Gordon.
- Nephritis of various etiologies.
- Connective and vasculitis: systemic lupus, scleroderma …
- Diabetic nephropathy.
Hypertension of endocrine origin
- Adrenal cortical hyperfunction (Cushing, primary hyperaldosteronism, primary adrenogenital syndrome …)
- Adrenal medullary hyperfunction, pheochromocytoma
- Acromegaly
- Hypo/hyperthyroidism
- Hypercalcaemia
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Hemangioendothelioma
- Tumor extraadrenal chromaffin
- Carcinoid Tumor
Hypertension of psychogenic origin
- Stress
- Surgery
- Severe head trauma
- Serious.
Neurological Hypertension
- Diencephalic syndrome
- The autonomic nervous system dysfunction.
- Poliomyelitis
- Polyneuritis. (Guillain-Barre syndrome, lead poisoning, acute intermittent porphyria)
- Increased intracranial pressure
- Section acute spinal cord
- Sleep apnea.
Drug-induced hypertension
- Sympathomimetics
- Licorice
- Interactions Monoamine oxidase inhibitors with tyramine-rich foods (cheese, chocolate, beer …)
- Tricyclic antidepressants
- Poisoning by thallium.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory.
- Steroids
- Oral contraceptives (estrogen)
- Cyclosporin A
- Erythropoietin
Increased intravascular volume
- Transfusions
- Serotherapy
- Polycythemia.
Vascular disorders
- Coarctation of aorta
- Arteriovenous fistula
- Aortic insufficiency
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